대한노인정신의학회

Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption produces a subtle brain damage, which induces such organic mental disorders as delayed mental processes, abstract thinking impairment, and disturbances in learning and recent memory loss. These phenomena had been known to be caused by malnutrition. However, recent researches showed that it could be caused by mild brain lesions by direct neurotoxic effect of alcohol on the prefrontal cortex, or its related subcortical structures. This study was tried to evaluate the effect of alcohol on the short-term memory function, to compare with the histological changes, and to find out responses to the agonists and antagonists of possibly related neurotransmitters. For experiment 1, 10 aged male Sprague-Dawley rats weighed about 400-500 gm were used. 45 younger adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighed about 200-300 gm were used for experiment 2 and 3. Therefore, 55 rats were totally used. In experiment 1, T-maze test with 10 nomal aged rats were done first, and then it was divided into 5 atropine-administered group and 5 control group. For the atropine-administered group, T-maze test was repeated on every 30, 60, 120 minute after the atropine injection. After the completion, of behavioral tests, the rats were sacrificed by the intracardiac perfusion with phosphate buffered 10% formaldehyde solution, and the brain specimen was stained with hematoxylin-eosin to count cells in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. In experiment 2, T-maze test with 10 normal younger adult rats were done first, and then it was dividied into five 14% (v/v) ethanol administered group and 5 control group raised with tap water. T-maze test was repeated on every week for a month. After the completion of behavioral tests on the 4th week, histology was done by the same procedure. In experiment 3, Tmaze test with 35 normal younger adult rats were done first, and then it was divided into seven groups with five rats each other. 14% (v/v) ethanol was administered ad libitum. In addition, normal saline, fluoxetine, bromocriptine, bethacholine, nimodipine, clonidine, and ketamine were intramuscularly injected on every other day. T-maze test was repeated on every week for a month. After the completion of behavioral tests on the 4th week, histology was done by the same procedure. 1) The reaction time of T-maze test was more delayed on 120 minutes after atropine injection in atropine-administered rats than those in normal aged rats without statistical significance. 2) The reaction time of T-maze test was more delayed in ethanol-treated rats, especially most prominent on the 3rd week, than those in normal younger adult rats without statistical significance. However, cell numbers in the CA1, CA3, dentate gyrus and the prefrontal cortex were significantly reduced in ethanol-treated rats on histology (p<0.05). 3) The reaction time of T-maze test was more shortened in fluoxetine and ketamine-treated rats on the 1st week without statistical significance. It was rather shortened in fluoxetine, ketamine, bromocriptine and nimodipine-treated rats without statistical significance on the 2nd week. On the 3rd week, the reaction time of T-maze test was shortened in every drug-treated rats. It returned to be delayed in all but fluoxetine, clonidine and bethacholine-treated rats on the 4th week without statistical significance. However, cell numbers in the CA1 were significantly increased in bromocriptine-treated rats (p<0.05) and in bethacholine-treated rats (p<0.01). In the CA3 and the dentate gyrus, cell numbers in bethacholine and clonidine-treated rats were significantly increased (p<0.05 respectively). In the prefrontal cortex, cell numbers in bethacholine-treated rats were significantly increased (p<0.005) on histology.

단기기억,T-미로검사,해마,전전두피질,콜린계,카테콜아민계,병적 노화, Short-term memory,T-maze,Hippocampus,Prefrontal cortex,Cholinergic,Catecholaminergic,Pathological aging